Anticancer and anti-inflammatory effects of American and European Cranberries have been previously shown on different cancer cells. Owing to the limited evidence on growth conditions and anticancer potentials of the Iranian Vaccinium genus, Vaccinium arctostaphylos, it was aimed to investigate its effect on colorectal cancer cells. In this regard, Vaccinium arctostaphylos was cultured in Woody Plant Medium (WPM) following incubation at 27°, C in cycles of light and darkness. Callogenesis was induced using growth mediums containing different concentrations of 2, 4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2, 4-D), yeast extract, and Kinetin. Total polyphenol and antioxidant activity of prepared extracts from wet and dried callus and air-dried fruit was measured through the Folin-Ciocalteu method and DPPH assay, respectively. Various concentrations (0-500 µ, gr/ml) of fruit and callus extracts were examined on HCT-116 colorectal cancer cells. MTT assay was employed to determine the cytotoxicity of fruit and callus extracts. Obtained data were analyzed using Graph Pad Prism V7. 04. The size and weight of the obtained callus were significantly dependent on the concentrations of 2, 4-D, yeast extract, and Kinetin. Dry callus has been found to have the highest amount of polyphenol and antioxidant activity. HCT-116 cell death rate (20. 5%) was demonstrated to be the most for dry callus at the concentration of 400 µ, g/ml. However, half-maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) was not achieved for any of Vaccinium arctostaphylos fruit or callus, Present evidence on cancer cell death can pave the way towards further assessment of anti-inflammatory and cancer cell cytotoxicity of the Iranian Cranberry genus.

Objective: The growing resistance of different bacteria to antibiotic chemical drugs have become the global issue. This investigation is the first study of the antimicrobial activity of the essential oil of flowering aerial parts of Vaccinium arctostaphylos. The current research was conducted to evaluate the antibacterial effects of essential oils and hydroalcoholic extract extracted from aerial parts of Vaccinium arctostaphylos, native species.Methods: The chemical composition of the essential oils extracted by hydrodistillation from the flowering aerial parts of Vaccinium arctostaphylos L. was assessed by the GC and GC/MS analysis. Twentynine different compounds, constituting 86.61% of the oil, were recorded, among which the major compounds were α-Pinene (15.5%), Linalool (11.7%), Sandaracopimaradiene (5.9%) and Safranal (8.8%). The invitro antibacterial activity of the extracted essential oil was evaluated against some Gram positive and negative bacteria.Results: According to the obtained results from the current research, the essential oil of Vaccinium arctostaphylos showed the antibacterial activities against most of the bacteria tested, including Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Enterococcus faecalis and Streptococcus pneumonia, contrasted to Staphylococcus aureus. In contrast to the essential oil, the hydroalcoholic extract of Vaccinium arctostaphylos did not display the antibacterial effects against the mentioned microorganisms.

Objective: The growing resistance of different bacteria to antibiotic chemical drugs have become the global issue. This investigation is the first study of the antimicrobial activity of the essential oil of flowering aerial parts of Vaccinium arctostaphylos. The current research was conducted to evaluate the antibacterial effects of essential oils and hydroalcoholic extract extracted from aerial parts of Vaccinium arctostaphylos, native species.Methods: The chemical composition of the essential oils extracted by hydrodistillation from the flowering aerial parts of Vaccinium arctostaphylos L. was assessed by the GC and GC/MS analysis. Twentynine different compounds, constituting 86.61% of the oil, were recorded, among which the major compounds were α-Pinene (15.5%), Linalool (11.7%), Sandaracopimaradiene (5.9%) and Safranal (8.8%). The invitro antibacterial activity of the extracted essential oil was evaluated against some Gram positive and negative bacteria.Results: According to the obtained results from the current research, the essential oil of Vaccinium arctostaphylos showed the antibacterial activities against most of the bacteria tested, including Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Enterococcus faecalis and Streptococcus pneumonia, contrasted to Staphylococcus aureus. In contrast to the essential oil, the hydroalcoholic extract of Vaccinium arctostaphylos did not display the antibacterial effects against the mentioned microorganisms.

Objective: Vaccinium arctostaphylos has traditionally been employed in Iranian folk medicine to treat diabetes. However, the precise molecular mechanisms underlying its antidiabetic properties remain incompletely understood. The current experiment intended to explore the modulatory effects of V. arctostaphylos fruit ethanolic extract (VAE) on biochemical and molecular events in the livers of diabetic rats. Materials and Methods: In this experimental study, male Wistar rats were randomly assigned to four groups: normal control, normal rats with VAE treatment, diabetic control, and diabetic rats with VAE treatment. Following 42 days of treatment, the impact of VAE on diabetes-induced rats was assessed by measuring various serum biochemical parameters, including insulin, free fatty acids (FFA), tumor necrosis factor-α,(TNF-α, ), reactive oxygen species (ROS), and adiponectin levels. The activities of hepatic carbohydrate metabolic enzymes and glycogen content were determined. Additionally, expression levels of selected genes implicated in carbohydrate/lipid metabolism and miR-27b expression were evaluated. H&E-stained liver sections were prepared for light microscopy examination. Results: Treatment with VAE elevated levels of insulin and adiponectin that reduced levels of FFA, ROS, and TNF-α,in the serum of diabetic rats. VAE-treated rats exhibited increased activities of hepatic glucokinase (GK), glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD), and glycogen concentrations, in conjunction with decreased activities of glucose-6-phosphatase (G6Pase) and fructose-1, 6-bisphosphatase (FBPase). Furthermore, VAE significantly upregulated the transcription levels of hepatic insulin receptor substrate 1 (Irs1) and glucose transporter 2 (Glut2), while considerably downregulated the expression of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (Pparg) and sterol regulatory element-binding protein 1c (Srebp1c). VAE remarkably enhanced the expression of miR27-b in the hepatic tissues of diabetic rats. Abnormal histological signs were dramatically normalized in diabetic rats receiving VAE compared to those in the diabetic control group. Conclusion: Our findings underscore the hypoglycemic and hypolipidemic activities of V. arctostaphylos and assist in better comprehension of its antidiabetic properties.

The management of postprandial hyperglycemia is an important strategy in the control of diabetes mellitus and complications associated with the disease, especially in the diabetes type 2. Therefore, inhibitors of carbohydrate hydrolyzing enzymes can be useful in the treatment of diabetes and medicinal plants can offer an attractive strategy for the purpose. Vaccinium arctostaphylos leaves are considered useful for the treatment of diabetes mellitus in some countries. In our research for antidiabetic compounds from natural sources, we found that the methanol extract of the leaves of V. arctostaphylos displayed a potent inhibitory activity on pancreatic a-amylase activity (IC50=0.53 (0.53 – 0.54) mg/mL). The bioassay-guided fractionation of the extract resulted in the isolation of quercetin as an active α -amylase inhibitor. Quercetin showed a dose-dependent inhibitory effect with IC50 value 0.17 (0.16 – 0.17) mM.